Micha Ruhl
drs.
M. Ruhl
Aardwetenschappen building
Budapestlaan 4
3584 CD Utrecht
The Netherlands
Office: Z 312
Phone: +31 30 253 2638
Fax: +31 30 253 5096
E-mail: m.ruhl@uu.nl
Institute of Environmental Biology
Faculty of Science,
Utrecht University
Position:
PhD (started January 2006)
Funding UU |
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Triassic-Jurassic Research at Utrecht
University -
website
Publications
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Project: |
Earth’s and life’s history: from core to biosphere (CoBi)
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Funding: High-Potential stimulation
program–Utrecht University |
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By
Wolfram M. Kürschner
and Wout Krijgsman |
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PhD-thesis: |
Carbon
Cycle Changes during the |
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Triassic-Jurassic Transition |
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The research of this thesis was carried out at the: |
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Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology
(UU) |
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In
collaboration with: |
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Molecular Biogeochemistry
(UU) |
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Paleomagnetic Laboratory Fort Hoofddijk
(UU)
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Department of Paleontology (University of Vienna) |
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Geolab of TNO Built Environment and Geosciences |
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(Geological Survey of the Netherlands)
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Promotor: |
Prof dr André F.
Lotter |
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Co-promotor: |
Dr
Wolfram M. Kürschner |
Timing, causes and effects of carbon cycle changes at the Triassic-Jurassic
boundary
Project
description
Marine
habitats show significantly increased extinction rates at the end of the
Triassic 1. By contrast, the continental picture is equivocal.
Catastrophic changes among vertebrates and plants have been suggested in the
eastern US 2, but contradictory data are reported from Europe where
macrofossils indicate a more gradual transition in vegetation.
Current
concepts on mass extinctions differ with respect to source (celestial versus
terrestrial) and rate (catastrophic versus gradual). For the Triassic-Jurassic
mass extinction, the finding of an Iridium anomaly in the eastern US 2
suggests a bolide impact scenario, but other supportive evidence such as shocked
quartz grains and impact structures is controversial. In terrestrial scenarios,
massive volcanism and accompanying acidification of the atmosphere and CO2
outgassing, mark the breakup of the Pangean super continent and may result in
global warming and anoxia.
A marked
increase in atmospheric CO2 causing a temperature rise has been
suggested based on stomatal frequency analysis 3. Such a global
warming is in disagreement with palynological and geochemical data, which have
been interpreted as a short term cooling event and a wetter climate at the T-J
boundary 4.
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Upper
Triassic sediments
from
the Austrian Zlambach
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C isotope composition of plant tissue depends on the 13C/
12C composition of atmospheric CO2 and the
photosynthetic pathway, but also on the isotopic fractionation of C
during photosynthesis in land plants, which in turn is affected by the
environment. We propose to use the same leaf cuticle for both stomatal
frequency analysis and C isotope composition of lipids (n-alkanes).
Because the C isotope composition of n-alkanes is highly stable to post
sedimentary decomposition, it will provide critical insight in causes
and effects of environmental change on terrestrial primary producers as
well as adaptation strategies among successful survivors of the biotic
crises. We will apply lipid biomarker analysis 5 on fossil
leaves and coeval sedimentary organic matter in order to obtain crucial
information on the ecology of successful survivors.
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By making use
of the full potential of astrochronology and integrated microscopic, molecular
and carbon isotope analysis of sedimentary organic matter, the present project
aims:
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To
reconstruct Late Triassic palaeoenvironmental changes.
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To determine
whether concurrent Late Triassic mass extinction events are best explained by
gradual processes of environmental change or by (a series of) abrupt or
short-term or even catastrophic events.
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To obtain critical insight in causes and effects of environmental change on
terrestrial primary producers as well as adaptation strategies among successful
survivors of the biotic crises.
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To obtain
better understanding of the timing and the causal connection between Late
Triassic events in the terrestrial and marine realm.
Focus will be
on continental sequences from the German Triassic basin and North-American
Newark Basin and on marine sections from the Tethys realm in the Northern
Calcareous Alps (Austria).
This Ph. D
project is part of the CoBi research program:
Earth’s life
and history: from core to biosphere (CoBi)
Involved researchers: N.R. Bonis, M. Deenen, W.M. Kürschner, W. Krijgsman, M.
Ruhl.
Biodiversity includes all living things that we depend on for our economies and
our lives. There is virtual agreement among scientists that we have entered a
period of mass extinction, which will result into a loss of 50% of the global
biodiversity within the next 100 years. Such high rates of diversity loss have
occurred only five times since complex life emerged, and each time it was caused
by a catastrophic natural disaster. Looking at the fossil record provides a
vital deep-time perspective on factors controlling extinction patterns and helps
to predict the fate of life in the future. Although a celestial mechanism
(meteorite impact) is favored for some of these extinctions, internal dynamics
of Earth’s physical environment (volcanism, continental brake up, atmospheric
acidification and ozone breakdown) and its contribution to these biotic
turnovers are hardly understood. We focus on the geodynamic and evolutionary
history of the Triassic, a period when major biotic turnovers occurred
repeatedly, being the rule rather than an exception. Questions we will address
are: How does the present day mass extinction relate to the natural extinction?
How do extinctions relate to innovations among terrestrial primary producers?
The innovative character is that we study for the first time large scale
dynamics and interaction of the system bio-, geo- and atmosphere not only at a
single spot of major evolutionary radiation but throughout a prolonged period of
global change. Apart from studying the biodiversity of fossil floras, fossil
leaf remains are used as bio-indicators of the atmospheric environment (CO2
and UV-B) that may represent stress factors that have contributed to the
extinctions. Are changes in the biosphere, geosphere and atmosphere coupled or
decoupled?
This project forms part of the High Potential Stimulation Program of the
University of Utrecht awarded to W. Krijgsman (Faculty of Geosciences) and W. M.
Kürschner.
This research program is related to IGCP projects 458 (Triassic/Jurassic
boundary events: Mass extinction, global environmental change, and driving
forces), 467 (Triassic Time and trans - Panthalassan correlations) and 506
(Marine and Non-marine Jurassic: global events and major geological events) in
which the CoBi group participates.
Curriculum Vitae
Micha Ruhl
20th of April 2010
16th of April 1980 | Male | Dutch nationality | Tannhauserdreef
NL-346 3561 HT Utrecht
+31-(0)6-16503629 | m.ruhl@uu.nl |
Employment
2010- Dutch Geological Survey, TNO B&O (Geobiology team/ Business
Unit Oil & Gas): research and consulting for the oil industry: projects a.o.
concerning C-isotope stratigraphy in the upper Carboniferous and Permian.
2006-2010
PhD study at
the Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Utrecht University (successfully
defended at 26th of January 2010):
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Title PhD-thesis: Carbon cycle changes at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary
- Several publications in highly ranked international research journals, see
publication list.
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Results presented at (inter-)national conferences (USA/
Switzerland/ Austria/ Italy/ Netherlands), see publication list.
- Organisation of and participation in several field expeditions (UK/ Morocco/
Germany/ Austria).
- Supervising MSc and BSc-theses of students (Utrecht University)
- Teaching (assistant) to MSc and BSc-courses (Utrecht University)
2004-2005 Dutch Geological Survey, TNO B&O, well storage facility:
organizing well-storage and facilitate sampling.
2003-2005 Teaching assistant for the Earth-Sciences and Biology BSc.
curriculum of Utrecht University.
Education
2000-2006 BSc. & MSc. study at Utrecht University: Earth Sciences –
Biogeology
2006 MSc-thesis (8 months) at the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea
Research (Royal NIOZ): Response of benthic foraminiferal communities from the
lower Nazaré Canyon to variable supply of terrigenous sediment.
2005 MSc-thesis (5 months) at the Laboratory of Palaeobotany and
Palynology (Utrecht University):
Carbon
isotope and microscopic analysis of sedimentary organic matter from the Upper
Triassic Kössen and Zlambach Formations (Austria).
2004
Participation in scientific research cruise with the Royal NIOZ to
the Portuguese, Moroccan and Scottish continental margins.
2004
European exchange program (Erasmus, 6 months) to the
Georg-August-University (Göttingen/ Germany). Research
thesis:
Environmental reconstruction from Upper Jurassic oolitic limestones of the
Münder Mergel, Central Germany.
2003
BSc-thesis (1.5 months) at Utrecht University:
Reconstruction of events leading to the Messinian Salinity Crisis in the
Mediterranean Sea.
Post-doctorate courses and International workshops
2008 Sequence Stratigraphy: From Source to Sink by Bilal Haq
(Exxon Mobile) (Free University Amsterdam, Netherlands).
Carbon burbs and hick-ups: Carbon cycle and climate
change (University of Bremen, Germany).
2007 Urbino Summer School in Paleoclimatology: Past Climate
Reconstruction and Modelling Techniques (University of Urbino, Italy).
International Field Workshop: The Triassic of the
American West (Nevada) (New Mexico Museum of Natural History, USA).
International Field Workshop: The Triassic of France (University of Rennes,
France).
2006 Advanced Palaeoecology: Observing and interpreting past
environmental change (Utrecht University, Netherlands).
2005 International Field Workshop: The Triassic of Germany and
Surrounding Countries (Martin-Luther-University, Germany).
Professional experiences
2008 Reviewer for international research journal (EPSL).
2007-2009 Board Member of the Palaeobotanical and Palynological Society
Utrecht.
2007-2009 In-house emergency officer, Utrecht University.
2006-2010 Member of the European Geological Society.
2006-2008 Treasurer of the Palaeobotanical and Palynological Society
Utrecht.
Extracurricular activities
2003 Member of the biogeology-education-board, Utrecht
University; analyzing and solving problems concerning implementation of the
bachelor program
Languages
Dutch, English, German fluently spoken, read and written
Computer skills
Advanced knowledge of the Microsoft Office package, Illustrator, Indesign,
Coreldraw, Analyseries, C2
Personal experience
1999
One year work and travel, Australia/ Asia
Personal interests
Sports (indoor climbing, squash, sailing), politics, travelling, painting,
literature
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